생명공학 분야에서의 특허보호 대상에 관한 연구

• 저자 : 손민
• 형태사항 : iv, 137 ; 26 cm

• 일반주기 :

  지도교수: 정상조

• 학위논문사항 : 학위논문(석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 법학과 2015. 2
• DDC : 340
• 발행국 : 서울
• 언어 : 한국어
• 출판년 : 2015
• 주제어 : 생명공학, 특허보호 대상, 특허보호 대상적격, 자연법칙

초록 (Abstract)

생명공학 분야에서의 특허보호 대상은 전 세계적으로 나라마다 큰 차이를 보이고 있다. 예를 들어, 유전자, 동물, 식물, 줄기세포, 진단방법과 치료방법과 같은 대표적인 발명 주제에 대해 어떤 나라는 특허를 허여하는가 하면, 다른 나라는 이를 특허 대상으로 하고 있지 않다.
다른 기술 분야와 달리 생명공학 분야에서 특허보호 대상에 관한 제도가 이처럼 다양한 이유는 이 분야 발명이 인간의 생명 내지 존엄성과 밀접한 관련이 있어서 보호 대상을 결정할 때 나라마다 독특한 문화, 도덕, 윤리적인 관점이 많이 반영되기 때문이다.
예를 들어서, 미국은 특허보호 대상적격을 판담함에 있어서 공서양속 내지 윤리성을 거의 고려하지 않는 반면에 유럽에서는 공서양속이 매우 중요한 결정 기준의 하나가 되고 있다.
대부분의 나라는 자연법칙을 특허 대상으로 하고 있지 않다. 그러나, 생명공학 분야의 발명은 속성 상 자연법칙 자체인지 인간의 창작물인지를 구별하기 어려운 경우가 많다. 이러한 발명 대상들에 대하여 구체적으로 어떤 발명을 자연법칙에 해당한다고 보는가에 있어서도 나라마다 관점의 차이가 크다. 예를 들어, 미국은 유전자를 자연법칙 내지 자연의 산물이라고 보지만 유럽과 우리나라는 특허 가능한 대상으로 보고 있다.
기술의 발전과 함께 생명공학 발명의 특허보호 대상이 많이 확대되었고, 생명공학 특허가 사회에 부담하여야 할 책임도 더 커지고 있다. 본 논문은 생명공학 분야에서 제기되는 여러가지 특허법적 이슈를 특히 특허보호 대상적격에 대한 논쟁을 중심으로 정리한 것이다. 현재의 다양한 제도를 만든 다양한 시각을 이해한다면 더 나은 특허제도를 만드는데 도움이 될 것이라고 생각한다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

제 1 절 특허보호 대상의 의미 ··········································· 1

제 2 절 각국의 법체계 ······················································ 3

제 3 절 생명공학 분야의 특허보호 대상에 관한 문제들 ·······14

제 2 장 유전자 특허 ························································ 19

제 1 절 유전자 특허의 의미 ············································· 19

제 2 절 특허보호 대상적격에 관한 주요쟁점들 ··················· 22

제 3 절 Myriad Case ······················································ 24

제 4 절 비교법적 고찰 ····················································· 44

제 5 절 결 론 ·································································· 48

제 3 장 동물 특허 ···························································· 51

제 1 절 동물특허의 의미 ·················································· 51

제 2 절 특허보호 대상적격에 관한 주요쟁점들 ··················· 52

제 3 절 Dolly Case 외 ····················································· 55

제 4 절 비교법적 고찰 ····················································· 75

제 5 절 결 론 ·································································· 79

제 4 장 진단방법 및 치료방법 특허 ··································· 82

제 1 절 의료방법 특허의 의미 ··········································· 82

제 2 절 특허보호 대상적격에 관한 주요쟁점들 ···················· 83

제 3 절 Mayo Case ························································· 85

제 4 절 비교법적 고찰 ······················································ 93

제 5 절 결 론 ································································· 105

제 5 장 줄기세포 특허 ···················································· 107

제 1 절 줄기세포 특허의 의미 ········································· 107

제 2 절 특허보호 대상적격에 관한 주요쟁점들 ·················· 108

제 3 절 WARF Case ······················································ 110

제 4 절 비교법적 고찰 ···················································· 124

제 5 절 결 론 ································································· 125

제 6 장 결 론 ································································· 127

참고문헌 ······································································· 130

Abstract ······································································· 134